Healthy Fruit Banana
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The banana plant is
the largest herbaceous flowering plant. All the above-ground parts of a banana
plant grow from a structure usually called a corm. Plants are normally tall and
fairly sturdy, and are often mistaken for trees, but what appears to be a trunk
is actually a false stem or pseudostem. Bananas grow in a wide variety of
soils, as long as the soil is at least 60 cm deep, has good drainage and is not
compacted. The leaves of banana plants are composed of a stalk and a blade.
The
base of the petiole widens to form a sheath; the tightly packed sheaths make up
the pseudostem, which is all that supports the plant. The edges of the sheath
meet when it is first produced, making it tubular. As new growth occurs in the
centre of the pseudostem the edges are forced apart. Cultivated banana plants
vary in height depending on the variety and growing conditions. Most are around
5 m tall, with a range from 'Dwarf
Cavendish' plants at around 3 m to 'Gros
Michel' at 7 m or more. Leaves are spirally arranged and may grow 2.7 metres
long and 60 cm wide. They are easily
torn by the wind, resulting in the familiar frond look. An alternative approach
divides bananas into dessert bananas and cooking bananas, with plantains being
one of the subgroups of cooking bananas.
Triploid cultivars derived solely from
M. acuminata are examples of "dessert bananas", whereas triploid
cultivars derived from the hybrid between M. acuminata and M. balbinosa are plantains. Small farmers in Colombia grow
a much wider range of cultivars than large commercial plantations. A study of
these cultivars showed that they could be placed into at least three groups
based on their characteristics: dessert bananas, non-plantain cooking bananas,
and plantains, although there were overlaps between dessert and cooking
bananas. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are
likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in
at least 107 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to
make fiber, banana wine and banana beer and as ornamental plants.
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