Healthy Apple Fruit
Apples were brought
to North America by colonists in the 17th century, and the first apple orchard on the North
American continent was planted in Boston by Reverend William Blaxton in 1625.
The only apples native to North America are crab apples, which were once called
"common apples". Apple
varieties brought as seed from Europe were spread along Native American trade
routes, as well as being cultivated on Colonial farms. An 1845 United States
apples nursery catalogue sold 350 of the "best" varieties, showing
the proliferation of new North American varieties by the early 19th century. In
the 20th century, irrigation projects in Eastern Washington began and allowed
the development of the multibillion dollar fruit industry, of which the apple
is the leading product.
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Dwarf rootstocks can be used to produce very small trees , which bear fruit
earlier in their life cycle than full size trees. Dwarf rootstocks for apple
trees can be traced as far back as 300 BC, to the area of Persia and Asia
Minor. Alexander the Great sent samples of dwarf apple trees to Aristotle's
Lyceum. Dwarf rootstocks became common by the 15th century, and later went
through several cycles of popularity and decline throughout the world. The
majority of the rootstocks used today to control size in apples were developed
in England in the early 1900s. The East Malling Research Station conducted
extensive research into rootstocks, and today their rootstocks are given an
"M" prefix to designate their origin. Rootstocks marked with an
"MM" prefix are Malling-series varieties later crossed with trees of
the Northern Spy variety in Merton, England.
Apple trees are large
if grown from seed, but small if grafted onto roots . There are more than 7,500
known cultivars of apples, resulting in a range of desired characteristics.
Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking,
eating raw and cider production. Apples are generally propagated by grafting,
although wild apples grow readily from seed. Trees and fruit are prone to a
number of fungal, bacterial and pest problems, which can be controlled by a
number of organic and non-organic means. In 2010, the fruit's genome was
decoded as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple
production.
I6ts very tasty.....
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